A Discussion on Tiṅ-arthas in the Sense of Kartṛ Based on Sāramañjarī
सारमञ्जरीदिशा कत्रर्थे विहितानां तिङर्थानां विवेचनम्
Dr. Bishnupada Pal
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Sanskrit,  Pali & Prakrit, Visva-Bharati University, PO, Santiniketan, Bolpur, West Bengal 731235, India.
E-mail ID: bishnupada.pal@visva-bharati.ac.in
Page No: 21-27
 
Abstract: The core debate among the Nyāya, Mīmāṃsā, and Vyākaraṇa schools centers on the locus of the denotative power (śakti) of verbal suffixes (ākhyāta / tiṅ). In the text Sāramañjarī, ākhyāta is classified into three types based on agent (kartṛ), object (karma), and action (bhāva). This paper specifically analyzes tiṅ suffixes prescribed in the sense of an agent (kartṛ-vihita). While Grammarians (Vaiyākaraṇas) argue that the śakti lies in the agent (kartā), Logicians (Naiyāyikas) claim it resides in volition (kṛti). Grammarians object that the Nyāya view causes contradictions with Pāṇinian tradition, dismantles grammatical persons (puruṣa), and disrupts the abhihitānabhihita system. However, in Sāramañjarī, Jayakṛṣṇa Śarmā systematically resolves these objections using Nyāya principles like bhāva-pradhāna-nirdeśa and contextual agreement. Ultimately, each school deems its own system supreme. This article serves as a valuable resource for students studying these profound grammatical disputes.
Keywords: Jayakṛṣṇaśarmā, Sāramañjarī, Ākhyātārthaḥ, Tiṅ, Kṛtiḥ, Kartṛvihitaḥ.